Pain in Frailty: Treat The Silent Suffering

May 13, 2025

Kirsten Protherough

Supporting Care Providers With Expert Frailty GP Clinical Oversight| Supporting Older Adults 65+ with Home-Based Holistic Medical Care | Helping 40+ Achieve Healthier Aging

Based in Worcestershire

I believe better care starts with better understanding. That’s why I am part of an amazing team Liz Blacklock Stella Shaw and Daniel Cook building @Care Boodle – a simple, smart app to help carers spot and manage delirium, a common and often missed condition in older adults living with frailty.

One of the major drivers of delirium is untreated pain – and recognising pain, especially in those with dementia or frailty, is not always straightforward. That’s why this article explores how pain presents, how to assess it, and how tools like the PINCH ME checklist can help carers find the root cause of sudden confusion or behaviour change.

Stay tuned as @Care Boodle launches soon – putting carer-friendly tools like the PINCH ME screen, delirium checklists, and symptom trackers at your fingertips.

Pain in the Elderly: Silent Suffering and What We Can Do About It

Pain is not a normal part of ageing – yet many older adults live with chronic pain every day. What’s worse, their pain is often under-reported, under-assessed, and under-treated.

The Hidden Impact of Pain

Persistent pain can lead to reduced mobility, social withdrawal, sleep disturbances, depression, and even cognitive decline. For older adults living with frailty, pain can tip the balance from independence to dependency.

How Do People with Dementia Express Pain?

Pain may look different in someone with dementia. They may not be able to tell you where or how much it hurts, but there are common signs:

Grimacing or frowning
Moaning, groaning, or calling out
Resistance to care or sudden aggression
Withdrawal or becoming unusually quiet
Increased confusion or restlessness
Guarding a body part or not using it normally
Changes in appetite or sleep

As dementia progresses, pain may be expressed more through behaviour than words. That’s why observation is key.

Pain Assessment Tools for Carers

1. Abbey Pain Scale For people unable to verbalise pain – looks at facial expression, vocalisation, body language, and more.

2. PAINAD (Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia) Scores five items – breathing, vocalisation, facial expression, body language, and consolability.

3. Doloplus-2 Used in residential settings – tracks physical, psychomotor and psychosocial indicators.

4. Wong-Baker FACES or Verbal 0–10 Scales Helpful in those still able to self-report with prompts.

Delirium and the PINCH ME Screen

Delirium is a sudden change in awareness, alertness (more sleepy than usual) or behaviour (more agitated or restless than usual). It’s common in frailty, and pain is a key cause. The PINCH ME acronym helps carers look for treatable causes of delirium:

P – Pain
I – Infection
N – Nutrition (poor intake or dehydration)
C – Constipation
H – Hydration
M – Medications (new or stopped)
E – Environment (change, overstimulation, sensory impairment)

The @CareBoodle app will soon offer carers a digital PINCH ME screen – making it easy to track changes and identify if a client might be experiencing pain-driven delirium.

Treating Pain in Older Adults Living With Frailty

Pain in frailty is often complex and multifactorial – but many types are treatable with a mix of medication, physical measures, and careful observation.

Here’s a practical, carer-friendly approach:

✅ 1. Ask Regularly

Don’t assume no complaint = no pain
Ask simple, direct questions like “Do you feel sore or stiff today?”
Use visual pain scales if needed (e.g., Wong-Baker FACES)

✅ 2. Observe Behaviour

Look for facial expressions, guarding, flinching, restlessness, or agitation
Use tools like the Abbey Pain Scale or PAINAD for people with dementia

✅ 3. Trial Simple Measures First

Identify and treat cause – e.g. Osteoarthritis, infection, urinary retention, constipation, cancer, fractures, uncomfortable position, dentition, ear ache, emotional pain
Regular paracetamol (up to 4g per day, spaced doses) – low side-effect profile
Warmth (heat pads, warm bath)
Gentle massage or movement
Repositioning (especially for pressure areas)
Encourage hydration – dehydration worsens pain and increases confusion

✅ 4. Involve Families and Follow Up Often

Families know the person’s baseline and notice subtle changes
Check regularly if the pain has improved or changed
Keep a written record if possible, especially if multiple carers are involved

🧓 Pain Relief in Older Adults with Frailty – Choosing the Right Painkiller for the Right Pain 👩⚕️

Article content — THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT WAYS TO ADMINISTER MEDICATION

Pain in older adults is often complex – and choosing the right medication matters. Here’s a quick carer-friendly guide to types of painkillers, what they’re used for, and how they’re given:

🔹 Paracetamol Best for: Musculoskeletal pain (e.g. arthritis, chronic stiffness), mild general pain Forms: Tablets, liquid, suppository 💡 Safe, effective, and well tolerated – often given regularly rather than as needed

🔹 NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen, naproxen) Best for: Inflammatory pain (e.g. osteoarthritis flares) Forms: Tablets, gels, creams ⚠️ Use with caution in frailty – risks include stomach ulcers and kidney injury. Avoid in dehydration or with heart failure.

🔹 Codeine and other Weak Opioids Best for: Moderate pain not controlled by paracetamol alone – e.g. post-surgical pain Forms: Tablets, liquid, combination products (e.g. co-codamol) ⚠️ Can cause constipation, drowsiness, or confusion – always co-prescribe a laxative.

🔹 Stronger Opioids (e.g. morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine) Best for: Severe pain – cancer pain, advanced arthritis, palliative care Forms: Tablets, liquids, patches, oro-dispersible tablets 💡 Patches (e.g. fentanyl, buprenorphine) are useful in swallowing difficulties or when regular oral doses are hard to manage ⚠️ Requires careful titration and review – monitor closely for side effects

🔹 Nefopam Best for: Moderate to severe pain where opioids are unsuitable (e.g. in renal impairment) Forms: Tablets 💡 Doesn’t affect the gut like opioids – useful when constipation is a major concern ⚠️ Can cause confusion or dizziness in older adults – use with caution

🔹 Amitriptyline, Gabapentin, Pregabalin (Neuropathic agents) Best for: Nerve pain – e.g. post-stroke, diabetic neuropathy, shingles Forms: Tablets or capsules 💡 Start low and go slow – these can help with sleep and pain but may cause sedation or dizziness

🔹 Topical Analgesics (e.g. lidocaine patches, capsaicin cream) Best for: Localised musculoskeletal or neuropathic pain Forms: Gels, creams, patches 💡 Good option when oral meds are risky – e.g. in polypharmacy or frailty

✅ Always consider non-drug options too: Treating the cause (e.g. constipation, urinary retention, hip replacement), warmth, repositioning, massage, physio, walking aids, and hydration all help.

Let’s treat pain properly – the right med, at the right dose, for the right kind of pain.

When to Refer for Medical Review:

Sudden onset or new pain
Pain that interferes with sleep or mobility
Suspected fracture, infection, or internal cause
Pain that’s worsening despite regular treatment
Signs of delirium (confusion, new aggression, drowsiness)

By taking small, consistent steps to ask, observe, and act – carers can make a powerful difference. Pain is treatable. And in frailty, treating it well means preserving independence, dignity, and quality of life.

Final Thoughts

Having a comprehensive older adult health assessment can help clients and their loved ones recognise signs of infection sooner for prompt treatment.

https://homevisithealthcare.co.uk/comprehensive_geriatric_assessments/

Call us to learn more:

0330 133 9093

Discover the Number 1, Age-Friendly Nation: Inspiration from Ireland

Sep 12, 2023

Creating Age-Friendly Environments: A Journey of Inspiration from Ireland

Positive ageing

Ever wondered what it truly means to have an age-friendly environment? My latest article delves into Ireland’s pioneering initiatives, offering valuable insights into transforming a nation, a city, or a community into an “Age-Friendly” haven. But here’s the question that sparks reflection: Just how age-friendly is your environment? Whether you’re a teacher, architect, town planner, healthcare professional, or café owner, we all play a crucial role in shaping inclusive and supportive spaces for all generations.

Let’s embark on this enlightening journey together, championing positive aging, elevating elderly care, and cultivating genuinely age-friendly cities.

Embracing Age-Friendly Living: Ireland’s Inspiring Approach

In recent dialogues with individuals and organizations within the health and social care sector, the concept of “Age-Friendly Communities” has taken center stage. But what does it mean to be an age-friendly community? According to the World Health Organization, it’s a place that encourages active aging, optimizing health, participation, and security opportunities to enhance the quality of life as people age.

Despite residing in England, I have chosen Ireland as a remarkable example of a nation wholeheartedly embracing positive aging through a multitude of avenues. Ireland, renowned for its warmth and robust community values, has made substantial strides in becoming a global pioneer in age-friendly living. Through various initiatives and forward-thinking policies, Ireland is fostering an environment where aging transcends being a mere life phase and transforms into a vibrant and fulfilling chapter.

1. Age-Friendly Cities and Counties: Shaping the Future

Ireland has enthusiastically embraced the World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly Cities and Communities program. Leading cities like Dublin, Cork, and Galway are at the forefront, reshaping urban landscapes into inclusive, pedestrian-friendly havens. These communities now feature accessible transportation, well-designed infrastructure, and inviting recreational spaces, nurturing active aging for all.

*Real-life Example*:

Dublin’s efforts have resulted in wider sidewalks, increased public seating, and enhanced signage, facilitating independent navigation for older residents. These changes benefit everyone, elevating the overall urban experience.

https://www.dublincity.ie/sites/default/files/media/file-uploads/2018-07/AF_PublicRealm_online-1.pdf

2. National Positive Ageing Strategy: Embracing Inclusivity

At the heart of Ireland’s age-friendly approach lies the “National Positive Ageing Strategy.” This comprehensive framework champions well-being and social inclusion for older adults. By promoting active aging, participation, and social engagement through lifelong learning and volunteering, Ireland weaves a tapestry of interconnectedness that spans generations.

*Real-life Example*: Irish universities now offer programs where older adults can attend classes, fostering lifelong learning and meaningful interactions across generations.

https://www.dcu.ie/agefriendly/age-friendly-learning-opportunities-dcu

3. A Tapestry of Inter-generational Programs: Bridging Divides

Across numerous Irish communities, inter-generational programs are redefining the concept of “it takes a village.” These initiatives unite different age groups for shared activities, experiences, and mutual learning. In doing so, they combat ageism and nurture a sense of unity that strengthens the very fabric of society.

*Real-life Example*: In County Kerry, young students and older residents come together to share stories, preserving local history and creating lasting bonds that enrich the community’s cultural heritage.

https://www.independent.ie/regionals/kerry/lifestyle/young-and-old-brought-together-by-the-arts/38904906.html

4. Dementia-Friendly and Abuse Prevention: Compassionate Foundations

Ireland’s commitment transcends infrastructure to address pressing issues like dementia and older adult abuse. Through campaigns, helplines, and resources, the country raises awareness and ensures that victims receive the support they deserve. Ireland is also actively building dementia-friendly communities, offering understanding and resources to individuals and families navigating the challenges of dementia.

https://dementiacafe.ie/

5. Healthcare Services with a Heart: Prioritizing Well-Being

Recognizing the unique healthcare needs of its aging population, Ireland has tailored specialized services, including geriatric assessment units and community-based healthcare initiatives. By emphasizing older adults’ health needs, Ireland advocates a holistic approach to healthy aging.

*Real-life Example*: The Age-Friendly Hospital Initiative at St. James’s Hospital in Dublin enhances the hospital experience for older patients by addressing their specific needs and ensuring a comfortable, respectful environment.

https://www.stjames.ie/misa/

6. Advocacy, Research, and Unity: A Collaborative Path

Ireland’s progress isn’t solely a result of policies; it’s a testament to its collaborative spirit. Organizations, institutions, and advocacy groups unite to conduct research, influence policy, and ensure that older adults’ voices resonate at both local and national levels. This unified effort propels Ireland to the forefront of age-friendly living.

Ireland is not the only country taking its aging population seriously; Singapore and Barcelona are also committed to providing environments where older adults can thrive rather than just survive.

Promoting Age-Friendly Living: A Collective Responsibility

Age-friendly living is not solely a matter of policy; it’s a collective responsibility encompassing individuals, society, organizations, and businesses. Each stakeholder plays a pivotal role in ensuring that our seniors age gracefully, independently, and with dignity.

Individuals: Nurturing a Culture of Respect and Connection

Age-friendly societies rely on individuals who embody respect, empathy, and intergenerational connections. Acts of kindness, fostering meaningful relationships across age groups, and combating ageism through our attitudes and actions cultivate a sense of community transcending generations.

Society: Paving the Way for Inclusivity and Support

The larger society shapes the landscape of aging. Policies that prioritize accessible infrastructure, age-friendly housing, and healthcare services tailored to older adults’ needs are essential steps. Collaborative efforts to combat elder abuse, provide mental health resources, and create spaces for social engagement reflect a society that values its aging members. Moreover, encouraging intergenerational programs in schools, communities, and workplaces can bridge gaps and foster mutual understanding.

Organizations and Businesses: Innovating for an Inclusive Future

Businesses and organizations hold a unique role in driving change. Age-friendly workplaces with flexible schedules, training opportunities, and retirement options catering to diverse needs empower older adults. Retailers and service providers adapting to accommodate older customers through accessibility and communication considerations further contribute.

In this collective endeavor, individuals, society, organizations, and businesses unite to redefine aging as a phase marked by dignity, inclusion, and purpose. Together, we pave the way for a future where our seniors thrive, showcasing that age is not a limitation but an opportunity for continued growth and fulfillment.

References:

United Nations. (2019). World population ageing 2019:

https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Highlights.pdf

Singapore: An Age Friendly City

https://www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Get-Involved/Plan-Our-Future-SG/Innovative-Urban-Solutions/Age-friendly-city

Barcelona: An Age Friendly City

https://www.barcelona.cat/infobarcelona/en/tema/senior-citizens/barcelona-friendly-towards-the-elderly_1241075.html#:~:text=’Barcelona%3A%20senior%2Dcitizen%2D,which%20best%20suits%20their%20values

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WHO’s Decade of Age-Friendly Communities: Discover how 3 global cities are embracing our “Golden Years”

Aug 18, 2023

As the world’s population ages, it becomes increasingly important to create communities that cater to the needs and aspirations of older adults. In recognition of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the Decade of Age-Friendly Communities, a global initiative aimed at making cities and towns more livable and inclusive for people of all ages. This article will explore the joyful journey towards age-friendly communities and how the WHO’s initiative is unlocking the power of aging gracefully.

Embracing the Golden Years: A Joyful Journey Towards Age-Friendly Communities

The golden years should be a time of joy, fulfillment, and connection. Age-friendly communities enable older adults to embrace this period of their lives by providing them with the necessary support and opportunities for active participation. These communities prioritize the needs of older adults, ensuring that they have access to affordable housing, transportation, healthcare, and social services. By fostering environments that promote intergenerational connections and inclusion, age-friendly communities celebrate the wisdom and experiences of older adults, making them feel valued and engaged.

In age-friendly communities, older adults can lead independent and fulfilling lives, remaining active and contributing members of society. From accessible public spaces to age-friendly businesses and recreational facilities, these communities prioritize the well-being and quality of life of older adults. They offer opportunities for lifelong learning, cultural engagement, and access to nature, allowing older adults to continue pursuing their interests and passions. By embracing the golden years, age-friendly communities ensure that older adults can age with dignity and purpose.

Unlocking the Power of Aging Gracefully: WHO’s Decade for Vibrant and Inclusive Communities

The World Health Organization’s Decade of Age-Friendly Communities aims to transform cities and towns into vibrant and inclusive places for people of all ages. By encouraging policymakers, community leaders, and individuals to embrace the power of aging gracefully, the initiative seeks to challenge ageism and promote positive attitudes towards aging. It calls for actions that empower older adults, create age-friendly environments, and foster social inclusion.

The WHO’s Decade of Age-Friendly Communities recognizes that aging is a natural and valuable part of life. By promoting healthy and active aging, the initiative seeks to maximize the potential of older adults and ensure their well-being. It encourages the development of policies and strategies that promote social participation, respect, and equal opportunities for all generations. By unlocking the power of aging gracefully, the WHO’s initiative strives to create communities that celebrate the diversity and contributions of people of all ages.

Embracing the golden years should be a joyful journey, filled with opportunities for growth, connection, and purpose. The World Health Organization’s Decade of Age-Friendly Communities is paving the way for vibrant and inclusive cities and towns that cater to the needs and aspirations of older adults. By prioritizing the well-being and quality of life of older adults, these age-friendly communities unlock the power of aging gracefully. Let us embrace this journey with open arms, celebrating the wisdom, experiences, and contributions of older adults, and creating a world where everyone can age with dignity and joy.

Singapore’s Journey to Becoming an Age-Friendly City

In the bustling city-state of Singapore, a quiet revolution is taking place—one that centers on the well-being and inclusivity of its aging population. With a rapidly aging demographic, Singapore has embarked on a transformative journey to become an age-friendly city, driven by the recognition that a society’s vitality is intertwined with the well-being of its seniors. This concerted effort aligns with the World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly Cities and Communities program, which emphasizes optimizing health, participation, and security opportunities to enhance the quality of life for older adults.

Singapore’s approach to becoming age-friendly is marked by strategic policies and innovative initiatives. The city’s commitment to accessible infrastructure is evident in its continuous efforts to create pedestrian-friendly spaces, install ramps and elevators, and provide seating options throughout public areas, ensuring that seniors can navigate the city with ease. The “Silver Zones” program, launched in 2014, has transformed selected neighborhoods into safe havens for seniors by implementing traffic-calming measures and enhancing pedestrian safety.

In addition to physical infrastructure, Singapore places a strong emphasis on social engagement and inclusion. Initiatives like the “Community Networks for Seniors” program connect older adults with peers and activities in their neighborhoods, combating social isolation. The city also encourages intergenerational bonding through projects like the “Young at Heart” program, which brings seniors and youths together for art, music, and dance activities.

The government’s commitment to health is reflected in the “Health Promotion Board’s Active Aging” initiatives, which promote physical activities and healthy living among older adults. Singapore’s integrated healthcare system offers accessible and affordable medical services, including specialized care for seniors, fostering a holistic approach to well-being.

Singapore’s journey towards age-friendly living demonstrates a steadfast dedication to its older population’s quality of life. By blending accessible infrastructure, social engagement, and health promotion, Singapore is rewriting the narrative of aging, showcasing that a city’s progress is intertwined with its commitment to its elders’ vitality and happiness.

Barcelona: A Paradigm of Age-Friendly Urban Living

Nestled along the Mediterranean coast, Barcelona stands not only as a cultural gem but also as a shining example of an age-friendly city. The city’s commitment to creating an inclusive and supportive environment for its older residents has earned it recognition as an age-friendly city, aligning with the principles of the World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly Cities and Communities program. Through a blend of innovative policies and community-driven initiatives, Barcelona has embraced the challenges and opportunities that come with an aging population.

Barcelona’s age-friendly journey is evident in its focus on accessible urban planning and design. The city’s “Superblocks” concept reimagines the layout of neighborhoods, creating car-free zones that prioritize pedestrians and cyclists. This approach not only promotes physical activity but also enhances safety and social interactions, fostering a sense of community cohesion.

To combat social isolation, Barcelona has established a range of programs that promote intergenerational connections. One notable initiative is the “Graners de Cultura” project, which pairs older adults with young people to exchange skills and experiences. This project not only encourages mutual learning but also addresses stereotypes associated with aging, fostering understanding and respect between generations.

Barcelona’s commitment to healthcare accessibility is reflected in its “Age-Friendly Health Services” program. By tailoring healthcare services to older adults’ unique needs and promoting preventive care, the city prioritizes healthy aging. Additionally, the “Friendly Pharmacies” initiative provides seniors with specialized guidance on medication management and health-related information.

The “Vincles BCN” program epitomizes Barcelona’s dedication to technology-driven solutions for seniors’ well-being. Through an app and a network of volunteers, older adults can connect with their peers, participate in activities, and access essential services, enhancing social engagement and quality of life.

Barcelona’s transformation into an age-friendly city is a testament to its forward-thinking policies and deep-rooted commitment to inclusive urban living. By creating spaces that cater to the diverse needs of older adults, fostering intergenerational connections, and prioritizing health and well-being, Barcelona offers a model for cities worldwide seeking to create an age-friendly future.

Dublin: Pioneering Age-Friendly Urban Evolution

Dublin, the vibrant capital of Ireland, has embarked on a transformative journey towards becoming an age-friendly city, showcasing an inspiring commitment to enhancing the quality of life for its older citizens. Aligned with the principles of the World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly Cities and Communities program, Dublin’s approach blends innovative policies with practical initiatives that cater to the diverse needs of its aging population.

Dublin’s age-friendly transformation is evident in its accessible infrastructure. The city has undertaken significant efforts to create pedestrian-friendly spaces, improve public transportation accessibility, and install seating areas across urban landscapes. Initiatives like the “Age-Friendly Pedestrian Crossings” project enhance road safety and ease of mobility, ensuring that seniors can navigate the city with confidence.

To combat social isolation, Dublin has launched innovative programs that foster intergenerational connections. The “Age Well Every Day” initiative encourages community participation through activities such as art workshops, fitness classes, and technology training, promoting social engagement and mental well-being among older adults. Moreover, Dublin’s commitment to age-friendly cultural offerings is reflected in the “Bealtaine Festival,” a month-long celebration of creativity that caters specifically to older audiences.

Dublin’s healthcare services also cater to its aging population’s unique needs. The “AGE Friendly Hospitals Program” ensures that hospitals are equipped to provide specialized care to older patients, promoting dignified and compassionate treatment. Additionally, the “Dublin City Age-Friendly Pharmacies Charter” offers seniors access to knowledgeable pharmacists who provide guidance on medications and health-related inquiries.

The city’s emphasis on technology-driven solutions is evident through projects like “Dublin’s Digital Hub.” This initiative aims to bridge the digital divide among seniors by providing training in digital skills and encouraging their participation in the online world, promoting connectivity and access to information.

Dublin’s journey towards age-friendliness exemplifies how a city can evolve to meet the changing needs of its population. By prioritizing accessible infrastructure, fostering intergenerational connections, tailoring healthcare services, and embracing technology, Dublin is redefining urban living to ensure that all its residents, regardless of age, can thrive.

References:

Spain: Barcelona Age-friendly city – Together we build a city for all ages – July 2011 – Age-Friendly World (who.int)

Ministry of Health Singapore. (2021). Singapore’s Healthcare System. Retrieved from https://www.moh.gov.sg/home/our-healthcare-system

Age Friendly City | Dublin City Council

Understanding Osteoporosis: Discover the Causes, Symptoms, and 5 Key Prevention Strategies

Jul 9, 2023

Osteoporosis, a common bone disease, affects millions of people worldwide, particularly women over the age of 50. It is characterized by low bone density and an increased risk of fractures, which can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies of osteoporosis is essential for early detection and effective management of this condition.

Causes and Symptoms of Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Overview

Osteoporosis is often a result of an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. As we age, our bones tend to lose density and become weaker due to the body’s decreased ability to produce new bone tissue. The primary cause of osteoporosis is a decrease in estrogen levels, which is particularly evident in women after menopause. Other contributing factors include a sedentary lifestyle, vitamin D deficiency, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a family history of osteoporosis.

The symptoms of osteoporosis may not be apparent until a fracture occurs. However, some common signs include back pain, loss of height over time, a stooped posture, and easily occurring bone fractures. If you experience any of these symptoms or fall into a high-risk category, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional who can conduct further assessments and recommend appropriate diagnostic tests, such as bone density scans, to determine your bone health.

Preventing Osteoporosis: 5 Key Strategies for Stronger Bones

Fortunately, there are several strategies to prevent or slow down the progression of osteoporosis and maintain strong bones.

Firstly, a well-balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D is crucial for bone health. Calcium can be obtained from dairy products, leafy greens, and certain fortified foods or supplements, while vitamin D is synthesized by our bodies when exposed to sunlight or can be obtained through supplements.
Regular exercise, particularly weight-bearing activities such as walking, jogging, dancing, or weightlifting, helps maintain bone density and strength. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
Quitting smoking
Reducing alcohol consumption are also important lifestyle changes to protect bone health.
Lastly, certain medications, such as bisphosphonates, hormone therapy, or selective estrogen receptor modulators, may be prescribed to manage osteoporosis in individuals at high risk of fractures. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable treatment option based on individual circumstances.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies of osteoporosis is paramount in maintaining optimal bone health. By identifying the risk factors and adopting a proactive approach to bone health, individuals can significantly reduce the chances of developing osteoporosis and its associated complications. Remember, prevention is always better than cure, and taking steps to strengthen your bones now can contribute to a healthier and more active future.

Learn more about how Home Visit Healthcare’s Comprehensive Older Adult Assessments and GP Home Visits in the Midlands can help you, click the link below

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments

Osteoporotic fracture risk calculator

https://frax.shef.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.aspx?country=9

Pain in Frailty: Treat The Silent Suffering

Kirsten Protherough