Boost Cognitive health: Discover 10 Evidence-Based Interventions to improve cognition

Boost Cognitive health: Discover 10 Evidence-Based Interventions to improve cognition

Jul 2, 2023

Promoting cognitive health is crucial for individuals as they age. Cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving skills, play a vital role in maintaining independence and overall well-being. As the aging population continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important to explore evidence-based interventions that can help improve cognitive function in older adults. This article will discuss the importance of cognitive health in aging and highlight some effective interventions that have been scientifically proven to promote cognitive function.

The Importance of Cognitive Health in Aging

As people age, cognitive decline becomes a natural part of the aging process. However, severe cognitive impairment can have a significant impact on an individual’s daily life, leading to difficulties in performing routine tasks, increased dependency, and decreased quality of life. Maintaining cognitive health is essential for older adults to stay engaged in activities, maintain social connections, and preserve their independence.

Cognitive health is influenced by various factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors. While genetics cannot be altered, lifestyle interventions have been shown to have a positive impact on cognitive function. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities, such as reading, puzzles, and learning new skills, can help preserve cognitive abilities and promote brain health. Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep, has been associated with better cognitive outcomes in older adults.

Evidence-Based Interventions to Promote Cognitive Function

Several evidence-based interventions have been developed to promote cognitive function and slow down age-related cognitive decline. Cognitive training programs, which involve structured exercises targeting various cognitive domains like memory, attention, and reasoning, have shown promising results in improving cognitive function. These programs can be delivered individually or in a group setting and can be tailored to the specific needs of older adults.

Another effective intervention is physical exercise. Research has consistently shown that regular physical activity, including aerobic exercises and strength training, can improve cognitive function in older adults. Exercise promotes the release of growth factors, enhances blood flow to the brain, and reduces the risk of chronic conditions that can negatively impact cognitive health, such as hypertension and diabetes.

Finally, social engagement has been identified as a crucial intervention for maintaining cognitive health. Interacting with others, participating in social activities, and maintaining strong social networks can provide cognitive stimulation and emotional support, which are vital for overall cognitive well-being. Volunteering, joining community groups or clubs, and staying connected with family and friends are all excellent ways to promote cognitive health through social engagement.

Promoting cognitive health in older adults is essential for maintaining independence and overall well-being. Adopting evidence-based interventions can help slow down age-related cognitive decline and improve cognitive function. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities, regular physical exercise, and maintaining social connections are all effective strategies to promote cognitive health in aging. By implementing these interventions, individuals can enhance their cognitive abilities, leading to a higher quality of life and increased independence as they age.

10 Evidence based tips for maintaining cognitive health into older age

Maintaining cognitive health as we age is crucial for overall well-being. Here are ten evidence-based interventions supported by studies from reputable sources like The Lancet and BMJ (2010 onwards) that can help preserve cognitive function:

1. Regular Physical Exercise:

Engaging in moderate-intensity exercise has been linked to improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of cognitive decline.

2. Balanced Diet:

Following a nutrient-rich diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, has shown to be associated with better cognitive function and a decreased risk of dementia.

3. Mental Stimulation:

Participating in intellectually stimulating activities, like reading, puzzles, or learning new skills, helps maintain cognitive abilities.

4. Social Engagement:

Staying socially active through regular interactions with friends, family, and community has been linked to better cognitive health and a lower risk of cognitive decline.

5. Quality Sleep:

Adequate and restful sleep is essential for optimal cognitive function. Poor sleep has been associated with cognitive impairments.

6. Management of Chronic Conditions:

Effectively managing conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol can reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

7. Moderate Alcohol Consumption:

Limiting alcohol intake to moderate levels has been associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline compared to heavy or excessive drinking.

8. Smoking Cessation:

Quitting smoking contributes to better cognitive function and reduces the risk of dementia.

9. Control of Vascular Risk Factors:

Addressing risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol through lifestyle modifications or medications can help preserve cognitive health.

10. Regular Health Check-ups:

Regularly visiting healthcare providers for comprehensive check-ups enables early detection and management of any cognitive-related issues.

3 important questions you may want to ask your healthcare provider to reduce your risk of future cognitive decline:

1. Are my vascular risk factors (blood pressure control, cholesterol levels at target, weight – BMI within normal range, diabetic control) controlled and optimised? 

2. Would any medication benefit me and reduce my risk of cognitive decline or dementia in the future?

3. What can I do to reduce my risk of cognitive decline or dementia in the future? 

Disclaimer:

As a service to our readers, Healthacate® provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.

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Unlocking 10 Secrets to a Longer Life: Enhance your knowledge and longevity

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10 ways to Reduce Alcohol’s Impact on Mental & Physical Health and feel better

REFERENCES:

  1. Xu W, Tan C, Zou J, et al
    Sleep problems and risk of all-cause cognitive decline or dementia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
    Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2020;91:236-244.
  2.  Livingston G, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020 Aug  8;396(10248):413-446. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PMID: 32738937; PMCID: PMC7392084.
  3. Borelli WV et al. Preventable risk factors of dementia: Population attributable fractions in a Brazilian population-based study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022 Apr 7;11:100256. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100256. PMID: 36778926; PMCID: PMC9903643.
  4. Zhou S, Song S, Jin Y, et al
    Prospective association between social engagement and cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
    BMJ Open 2020;10:e040936. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040936
  5. Hackett RA, Steptoe A, Cadar D, Fancourt D (2019) Social engagement before and after dementia diagnosis in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. PLoS ONE 14(8): e0220195. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220195
  6. Verghese J et al. Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 19;348(25):2508-16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022252. PMID: 12815136.
  7. Giles LC, Glonek GFV, Luszcz MA, et al. Effect of social networks on 10 year survival in very old Australians: the Australian longitudinal study of aging Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2005;59:574-579.
  8. Fu J et al. . Association between the mediterranean diet and cognitive health among healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2022 Jul 28;9:946361. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.946361. PMID: 35967772; PMCID: PMC9372716.
  9. Brasure M et al.  Physical Activity Interventions in Preventing Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer-Type Dementia: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Jan 2;168(1):30-38. doi: 10.7326/M17-1528. Epub 2017 Dec 19. PMID: 29255839.
  10. Meng XF, et al.  Midlife vascular risk factors and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(4):1295-310. doi: 10.3233/JAD-140954. PMID: 25024338.
  11. Sabia S, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: 23 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study BMJ 2018; 362 :k2927 doi:10.1136/bmj.k2927
  12. Gow AJ, et al. Which social network or support factors are associated with cognitive abilities in old age? Gerontology. 2013;59(5):454-63. doi: 10.1159/000351265. Epub 2013 May 24. PMID: 23711796.

RESOURCES UK

The 1 day Healthacate® Positive Ageing Challenge | Home Visit (homevisithealthcare.co.uk)

Dementia UK

https://www.dementiauk.org

Age UK

https://www.ageuk.org.uk/

Brain games

Free Online Mind Games – Brain-Games.co.uk

https://www.cognifit.com/brain-games

 

Dr Kirsten Protherough

Dr Kirsten Protherough

Author of this article

Dr Kirsten Protherough

Founder of Healthacate®

MBchB, MRCGP, MSC. Primary Care and Community Studies. Diploma in Geriatric medicine

Unlocking 10 Secrets to a Longer Life: Enhance your knowledge and longevity

Unlocking 10 Secrets to a Longer Life: Enhance your knowledge and longevity

Jun 30, 2023

In our quest for a longer life and healthier life, scientific research has provided us with evidence-based strategies to unlock the secrets of longevity. By adopting these proven tactics, we can enhance our well-being and increase our chances of living a fulfilling and vibrant life. In this article, we delve into the science of longevity, unveiling the strategies that have been scientifically supported to promote a longer and healthier existence.

The Science of Longevity: Unveiling Evidence-based Strategies

When it comes to longevity, understanding the science behind it is crucial. Scientists have conducted extensive research to uncover the factors that contribute to a longer life. One of the key aspects that has been repeatedly shown to influence longevity is a healthy lifestyle. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have all been linked to a decreased risk of premature mortality.

Furthermore, the importance of social connections cannot be underestimated. Studies have consistently shown that individuals with strong social ties tend to live longer and have a lower risk of chronic diseases. Building and nurturing relationships with friends, family, and the community can provide emotional support, reduce stress levels, and even boost the immune system. Engaging in social activities and finding a sense of purpose in life have also been associated with greater longevity.

Evidence based Tactics for Unlocking a Longer Life and Healthier Life

While genetics may play a role in determining our lifespan, adopting certain strategies can significantly impact our chances of living longer and healthier lives. Regular physical exercise is one such tactic that has been proven to be effective. Engaging in moderate-intensity aerobic activities like brisk walking, cycling, or swimming for at least 150 minutes per week can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve cardiovascular health, and enhance overall well-being.

Maintaining a well-balanced diet is another crucial aspect of longevity. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides the body with the necessary nutrients to function optimally. Research suggests that following a Mediterranean-style diet, which includes plenty of plant-based foods, can lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer(1).

Engage in Regular Physical Activity: Exercise is a key component of a long and healthy life. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week. Additionally, incorporate strength training exercises to maintain muscle mass and bone density. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancers (2).

Adequate sleep is crucial for overall health and longevity. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. Poor sleep has been associated with an increased risk of chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (3). Establish a consistent sleep routine and create a sleep-friendly environment to improve sleep quality.

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable diseases and premature death. Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of developing lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory conditions. Seek support from healthcare professionals or smoking cessation programs to help you quit successfully.

Additionally, managing stress levels is essential for a longer and healthier life. Chronic stress can negatively impact physical and mental well-being and increase the risk of various diseases. Incorporating stress-reducing techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies can help combat stress and promote longevity.

A positive mindset and optimistic outlook have been linked to better health outcomes and increased longevity. Practice gratitude, engage in activities that bring you joy, and surround yourself with positive influences.

In our pursuit of a longer and healthier life, evidence-based strategies guide us towards success. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, nurturing social connections, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and managing stress, we unlock the secrets to longevity. Embracing these proven tactics not only increases our chances of living a longer life but also enhances our overall well-being, allowing us to enjoy a vibrant and fulfilling existence. Remember, the power to unlock the secrets of a longer life lies in our hands, and by implementing these evidence-based strategies, we can take charge of our health and well-being.

Longer life and Healthier Life 10 Point Checklist

  1. Maintain a Balanced Diet

  2. Engage in Regular Physical Activity

  3. Maintain a Healthy Weight:

  4. Prioritize Sleep

  5. Don’t Smoke

  6. Limit Alcohol Consumption

  7. Manage Stress

  8. Stay Socially Active

  9. Regular Health Check-ups

  10. Positive Mindset

While genetics play a role in longevity, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly impact our overall well-being and lifespan. By following these evidence-based strategies, you can improve your chances of living a longer and healthier life. Remember that every small step towards a healthier lifestyle counts, and it is never too late to make positive changes.

Links similar evidence based articles:

https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/living-to-100-and-beyond-the-right-genes-plus-a-healthy-lifestyle-201201114092

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Healthy Ageing Fact Sheet

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health

NHS Sleep station app – available for free in some postcodes

/https://www.sleepstation.org.uk/nhs_options/

10 ways to Reduce Alcohol’s Impact on Mental & Physical Health and feel better

References:

1.He FJ, Nowson CA, MacGregor GA. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-analysis of cohort studies. Lancet. 2006;367(9507):320-326.2. Warburton DER, Bredin SSD. Health benefits of physical activity: a systematic review of current systematic reviews. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2017;32(5):541-556.
3.Grandner MA, Patel NP, Gehrman PR, et al. Problems associated with short sleep: bridging the gap between laboratory and epidemiological studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(4):239-247.
4. Rehm J, Gmel GE, Sr G, et al. The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview. Addiction. 2003;98(9):1209-1228.

Diagnosing Dementia

Diagnosing Dementia

Nov 27, 2022

When your relative starts to show signs of memory loss or odd behaviour it is very concerning.

You may wonder if they are beginning to show the signs dementia and what this means for them and their future care.

To diagnose dementia of which there are several forms your relative would need specific memory tests, blood tests and brain scans (MRI or CT scan).

Home Visit Healthcare has a network of professionals who can visit you or your loved one at home to undertake these tests and provide you or your loved one with the results, treatment and management plan.

Early diagnosis can be beneficial for several reasons:

  1. Early treatment
  2. Care planning
  3. Ability to access other resources

Alternatively, there may be other reasons for your relative’s memory and behavioural issues which are equally important to treat and manage.

Please get in touch if you have any further questions or want to explore how Home Visit HealthCare’s Independent Practitioners network can help you.

A Guide to Independent Home Visiting Healthcare Costs

A Guide to Independent Home Visiting Healthcare Costs

Nov 27, 2022

One of the important questions service users and their relatives have when they contact Home Visit Healthcare have is around the cost.

Home Visit HealthCares’ Independent Practitioners are passionate about older adult healthcare and this type of healthcare can be complex.

Prices vary depending on the issue. For example, if your relative needs ear wax removal the price is from £65 pounds for one ear and £80 for both. This is unlikely to need to be repeated within 2 months and is a one-off payment.

If you or your relative needs more in-depth Physiotherapy and Dietitian assessment; costs start from £80 for the first assessment but further follow up maybe needed hence there will be a larger cost overall.

If you or your relative requires older adult mental health or neurology assessment for conditions such as Dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Motor Neurone Disease the costs increase, particularly when blood tests, scans and Consultant home visits are required, and we can provide you with a bespoke quote for this.

For an early diagnosis of dementia (including Full physical examination, review of past medical history, Memory tests, MRI or CT Head scanning and Blood tests costs will be approximately £1995)

Although costs may rise for the diagnosis of certain conditions, there can be a benefit from early diagnosis and management, such as earlier treatment and management and the ability to gain access to other resources. This can help with planning and management and our goal is to help you or your relative live longer and live better in their own home.

We also have an Independent Social Worker who provides care needs assessments, advice on funding issues such as the Continuing Healthcare Assessment framework and again although the costs for Independent Social Care Advice starts from £60 per hour, there can be financial benefits in the longer run from gaining advice and guidance early.

We understand cost is important and are happy to discuss your needs and concerns and signpost where appropriate if we cannot help you.

Do not hesitate to get in touch to discuss your concerns further and we would be happy to explore options with you.

Author:

Dr Kirsten Protherough Founder Home Visit Healthcare